 |
Matronics Email Lists Web Forum Interface to the Matronics Email Lists
|
View previous topic :: View next topic |
Author |
Message |
rexjan(at)bigpond.com Guest
|
Posted: Mon Sep 04, 2006 4:38 pm Post subject: Wings Level ? |
|
|
Are there really Fox drivers out there that are
so good that they can tell if one wing tip is 7" higher than the other?
With the plane on a level surface (hangar floor?) this is easy too
determine, but try it out on a sorta level field. You need a good level to
tell.
I would think one can easilly detect 7'' out of level in flight by looking out under one wing then the other to the horizon. My instructor taught me this way back.
When I fly, I just use the ball for an immediate indication of how level I
have the wings.
The ball can be centred without being level in flight. It may act as a level on the groung and stationary. Take for example if you are making a co-ordinated turn. The ball is in the centre but the wings aren't level.
Rex.
[quote][b]
| - The Matronics Kitfox-List Email Forum - | | Use the List Feature Navigator to browse the many List utilities available such as the Email Subscriptions page, Archive Search & Download, 7-Day Browse, Chat, FAQ, Photoshare, and much more:
http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?Kitfox-List |
|
|
|
Back to top |
|
 |
eskflyer(at)lvcisp.com Guest
|
Posted: Mon Sep 04, 2006 7:00 pm Post subject: Wings Level ? |
|
|
A personal observation of my own flying time , if you want to fly level just look at the top of the windshield and there is a straight bar that runs from the left front to the right front and holds your wings on . if this bar is not level with the horizon then you are not flying level . if you cordinate the horizon and the cross tube and the ball in the center then straight true flight . as for landing and lining up the plane and having to put a mark on your windshield ? who are we trying to kid this plane lands straight and true if you keep the rudder moving with the wheel on the right end THE BACKEND.
On a side note if you are mountain flying do not try to keep the cross tube level with the terrain . the ground my up and smite you a big one lol .
Just my humble opinion and none twisted my arm to tell yall this stuff .
Take care have fun fly safe fly low fly slow
John Perry
Kitfox 2 N718PD
[quote]
[b]
| - The Matronics Kitfox-List Email Forum - | | Use the List Feature Navigator to browse the many List utilities available such as the Email Subscriptions page, Archive Search & Download, 7-Day Browse, Chat, FAQ, Photoshare, and much more:
http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?Kitfox-List |
|
|
|
Back to top |
|
 |
rjdaugh
Joined: 30 Aug 2006 Posts: 195
|
Posted: Tue Sep 05, 2006 2:01 pm Post subject: Wings Level ? |
|
|
Rex,
I am still skeptical. When on the ground, engine off – just sitting there – have a friend lift one wing tip 3.5 inches. This is easy to do. Note the difference. Now consider the same difference in the air with very light turbulence.
Your second correction: I stand corrected. What I should have said is how coordinated I am flying. But where it applies, straight line cruise, they are the same thing.
Randy
.
From: owner-kitfox-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-kitfox-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Rex Shaw
Sent: Tuesday, September 05, 2006 11:08 AM
To: kitfox-list(at)matronics.com
Subject: Wings Level ?
Are there really Fox drivers out there that are
so good that they can tell if one wing tip is 7" higher than the other?
With the plane on a level surface (hangar floor?) this is easy too
determine, but try it out on a sorta level field. You need a good level to
tell.
I would think one can easilly detect 7'' out of level in flight by looking out under one wing then the other to the horizon. My instructor taught me this way back.
When I fly, I just use the ball for an immediate indication of how level I
have the wings.
The ball can be centred without being level in flight. It may act as a level on the groung and stationary. Take for example if you are making a co-ordinated turn. The ball is in the centre but the wings aren't level.
Rex.
01234567890123
[quote][b]
| - The Matronics Kitfox-List Email Forum - | | Use the List Feature Navigator to browse the many List utilities available such as the Email Subscriptions page, Archive Search & Download, 7-Day Browse, Chat, FAQ, Photoshare, and much more:
http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?Kitfox-List |
|
_________________ Randy
Kitfox 5/7 912S
Black Hills, South Dakota |
|
Back to top |
|
 |
lcfitt(at)sbcglobal.net Guest
|
Posted: Tue Sep 05, 2006 5:53 pm Post subject: Wings Level ? |
|
|
I tend to agree with Randy on this one. On a calm gradual descent I can fly
hands off for long periods. I mention this, because it gives me reason to
believe my wings are trimmed correctly, but at cruise, I need a tad of right
rudder to maintain heading. While coming home from our last cross country,
We flew two legs of about 3 hours each and during that time, I worked on my
coodinated flight with a little right rudder and trying to keep the ball
centered and watching the wingtips relative to the horizon. Either I am
losing it as a pilot or just losing it, but I have a real challenge trying
to fly with the wings level. I am strongly motivated to do something with
the rudder trim and see if that is my problem.
When we fly the highways or the rivers, no problemo, as we are in turns
almost continuously, but a GPS heading for hours at a time - I need some
work.
Lowell
---
| - The Matronics Kitfox-List Email Forum - | | Use the List Feature Navigator to browse the many List utilities available such as the Email Subscriptions page, Archive Search & Download, 7-Day Browse, Chat, FAQ, Photoshare, and much more:
http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?Kitfox-List |
|
|
|
Back to top |
|
 |
Guy Buchanan

Joined: 16 Jul 2006 Posts: 1204 Location: Ramona, CA
|
Posted: Tue Sep 05, 2006 7:28 pm Post subject: Wings Level ? |
|
|
At 06:51 PM 9/5/2006, you wrote:
Quote: | Either I am
losing it as a pilot or just losing it, but I have a real challenge trying
to fly with the wings level. I am strongly motivated to do something with
the rudder trim and see if that is my problem.
|
If I recall correctly, your plane doesn't have a lot of dihedral. If you
want to fly hands-off, pump up the dihedral and it will get rock steady.
Guy Buchanan
K-IV 1200 / 582-C / Warp / 100% done, thanks mostly to Bob Ducar.
| - The Matronics Kitfox-List Email Forum - | | Use the List Feature Navigator to browse the many List utilities available such as the Email Subscriptions page, Archive Search & Download, 7-Day Browse, Chat, FAQ, Photoshare, and much more:
http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?Kitfox-List |
|
_________________ Guy Buchanan
Deceased K-IV 1200
A glider pilot too. |
|
Back to top |
|
 |
Ceashman(at)AOL.COM Guest
|
Posted: Wed Sep 06, 2006 2:37 am Post subject: Wings Level ? |
|
|
--message posted by: "Lowell Fitt"
--I am strongly motivated to do something with the rudder trim and see if that is my problem.
Hi Lowell.
When climbing, I use a little right rudder and when descending I use left. When level and cruise in still air I use no rudder. But that again is in still air, you know, those times when you are at peace with your Kitfox, life and the whole world and you just want to fly for ever.
But if you constantly need to keep a toe on the rudder pedal, it could be because of slight rudder warping while shrinking the covering (This was probably the first item we all cover, to gain experience with the covering process)
You will see sometimes on factory produced airplanes a small tab of aluminum attached to the rudder for ground adjustable trimming purposes, so you can say this is the "poor mans trim tab". So even the professional manufacturers require the need for the customers self aligning trim tab.
I guess we do not notice the problem with the elevator, we expect to trim for level flight. So why can't we trim for straight line flight, = straight and level!
Unfortunately, while welding all the tubes together. Skystar did not weld a small plate to the rear rudder tube so that we could attach a small piece of aluminum on the outside of the fabric for trimming purposes.
My Skybolt plans have this little weldment with the rivet on threads that can be used later for attaching the tab.
So' Either I am losing it as a pilot or just losing it, but I have a real challenge trying
to fly with the wings level.
I really don't think you are losing it as a pilot, it looks like a trim tab is required.
OR JUST LOSING IT! Lowell, only close friends and family could answer that one
Thanks for keeping tabs [Ha-Ha]. on the "type of aircraft" index.
Cheers. Eric.
[quote][b]
| - The Matronics Kitfox-List Email Forum - | | Use the List Feature Navigator to browse the many List utilities available such as the Email Subscriptions page, Archive Search & Download, 7-Day Browse, Chat, FAQ, Photoshare, and much more:
http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?Kitfox-List |
|
|
|
Back to top |
|
 |
shilocom(at)mcmsys.com Guest
|
Posted: Wed Sep 06, 2006 3:45 am Post subject: Wings Level ? |
|
|
You MAY find that different motor torque is the culprit. You can either use
rudder trim or shim for motor offset and probably help. Bob UP.
---
| - The Matronics Kitfox-List Email Forum - | | Use the List Feature Navigator to browse the many List utilities available such as the Email Subscriptions page, Archive Search & Download, 7-Day Browse, Chat, FAQ, Photoshare, and much more:
http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?Kitfox-List |
|
|
|
Back to top |
|
 |
kerrjohna(at)comcast.net Guest
|
Posted: Wed Sep 06, 2006 5:27 am Post subject: Wings Level ? |
|
|
Several years ago I added a simple metal trim tab to my rudder (Ground adjustable bend). It eliminated the stiff quadracep following long cross countries. I attached it at the point of tightest curve on the bottom for leverage. Three pop rivets do the trick. I have it set up for about 100 mph indicated. Your chosen speed may vary. The total time invested, including drying time was less than an hour.
It was a worthwhile addition.
John Kerr
[quote]-------------- Original message --------------
From: "Lowell Fitt" <lcfitt(at)sbcglobal.net>
[quote] --> Kitfox-List message posted by: "Lowell Fitt"
I tend to agree with Randy on this one. On a calm gradual descent I can fly
hands off for long periods. I mention this, because it gives me reason to
believe my wings are trimmed correctly, but at cruise, I need a tad of right
rudder to maintain heading. While coming home from our last cross country,
We flew two legs of about 3 hours each and during that time, I worked on my
coodinated flight with a little right rudder and trying to keep the ball
centered and watching the wingtips relative to the horizon. Either I am
losing it as a pilot or just losing it, but I have a real challenge trying
to fly with the wings level . I am strongly motivated to do something with
the rudder trim and see if that is my problem.
When we fly the highways or the rivers, no problemo, as we are in turns
almost continuously, but a GPS heading for hours at a time - I need some
work.
Lowell
---
| - The Matronics Kitfox-List Email Forum - | | Use the List Feature Navigator to browse the many List utilities available such as the Email Subscriptions page, Archive Search & Download, 7-Day Browse, Chat, FAQ, Photoshare, and much more:
http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?Kitfox-List |
|
|
|
Back to top |
|
 |
cliffh(at)outdrs.net Guest
|
Posted: Wed Sep 06, 2006 6:03 am Post subject: Wings Level ? |
|
|
On my speedster the tailwheel is set loose enough that if I am out of trim in cruise I can give the rudder petal a quick push and cock the tailwheel so that it acts as a trim.
As I use right rudder pedal on take of it usually means that I have to kick the left rudder to trim the airplane when I level off.
I used to fly a Cessna 180 that I had to do the same thing.
Floran H.
[quote] ---
| - The Matronics Kitfox-List Email Forum - | | Use the List Feature Navigator to browse the many List utilities available such as the Email Subscriptions page, Archive Search & Download, 7-Day Browse, Chat, FAQ, Photoshare, and much more:
http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?Kitfox-List |
|
|
|
Back to top |
|
 |
mike Guest
|
Posted: Wed Sep 06, 2006 7:41 am Post subject: Re: Wings Level ? |
|
|
Rex,
I'm trying to get the jest of this thread. I think you are just making a comment that the airplane needs constant attention to fly straight. I have to say yes. But then again that's what makes the kitfox or any aircraft like her so fun to fly. It really isn't a long distance flier unless you plan on a long time to get to your destination, sure many have flown from out west to OSH, but for the normal person, that isn't feasable, mainly because of time constraints and it takes plenty of inputs to keep you on track. I love mine if within 50 miles from the airport and I have taken a few trips over 200 miles, but at least one stop in between is usually in line.
I never have an issue with holding wings level and on the rudder I usually just rest my right foot on the peddle and that takes care of the drift to the right. I do have dihedral in my wings so that stablizes the plane very nicely. Whenever the sun is out in full I generally have one wing up higher and compensate with the rudder to give a nice sun sheild, doesn't seem to effect airspeed so that's how I do it. When I land I can settle on both wheels at the same time, so I guess I know where wings level are on the plane when flying it.
I've been spending most of my time at the airport doing touch and goes. The other day, I was feeling pretty frisky and did about 15 touches in a half hour. There was a training flight in the right pattern and I was in the left, the runway is 9000ft long and the tower kept me in a close in short approach. I actually got 3 touches while the 152 was on final. I was a bit worn after I landed, the fox really takes all your senses to fly like that.
I did think it was rather amusing, the instructor that was in the 152 said, wow you did 3 touches in our final approach, all I could say was, Yup.
Last night the smoke from our fires was so great I took the wife up for some touches, she made it through 3, I constrained my self and did three in about a half hour. But still managed to do the turn outs at the biggining and end of the runway. We were getting winds from everywhere, variable at about 6. I hit both runways and feel very confident that the fox is very controllable. In fact on my final, a little fast, I wanted to practice my wheel landing, I touched a little fast and the right wheel shuddered a little so I pulled up ever so slightly and waited until I was slower and settled back down, the wife said I went up about 2 inches off the runway, I thought, way cool.
From the sounds of it you just need more time in the fox, before you know it, things will feel second nature.
| - The Matronics Kitfox-List Email Forum - | | Use the List Feature Navigator to browse the many List utilities available such as the Email Subscriptions page, Archive Search & Download, 7-Day Browse, Chat, FAQ, Photoshare, and much more:
http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?Kitfox-List |
|
|
|
Back to top |
|
 |
lcfitt(at)sbcglobal.net Guest
|
Posted: Wed Sep 06, 2006 2:03 pm Post subject: Wings Level ? |
|
|
I do have a bit of dihedral. I am goung to ry to do something with the
rudder. I am in deep thought about it, trying to avoid the tab, but that
eventualy will be the likely solution.
Lowell
---
| - The Matronics Kitfox-List Email Forum - | | Use the List Feature Navigator to browse the many List utilities available such as the Email Subscriptions page, Archive Search & Download, 7-Day Browse, Chat, FAQ, Photoshare, and much more:
http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?Kitfox-List |
|
|
|
Back to top |
|
 |
lcfitt(at)sbcglobal.net Guest
|
Posted: Wed Sep 06, 2006 2:48 pm Post subject: Wings Level ? |
|
|
Interesting thought. I put washers under the engine mount to shim it a bit
when building per the post weld distortion. I will check that to see if the
locations are likely to give the result I have.
Lowell
do not archive
---
| - The Matronics Kitfox-List Email Forum - | | Use the List Feature Navigator to browse the many List utilities available such as the Email Subscriptions page, Archive Search & Download, 7-Day Browse, Chat, FAQ, Photoshare, and much more:
http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?Kitfox-List |
|
|
|
Back to top |
|
 |
lcfitt(at)sbcglobal.net Guest
|
Posted: Wed Sep 06, 2006 3:09 pm Post subject: Wings Level ? |
|
|
Interesting! I'll have to try that.
Lowell
do not archive
---
| - The Matronics Kitfox-List Email Forum - | | Use the List Feature Navigator to browse the many List utilities available such as the Email Subscriptions page, Archive Search & Download, 7-Day Browse, Chat, FAQ, Photoshare, and much more:
http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?Kitfox-List |
|
|
|
Back to top |
|
 |
Beemer
Joined: 26 Aug 2006 Posts: 87 Location: Middle Georgia
|
Posted: Wed Sep 06, 2006 3:38 pm Post subject: Wings Level ? |
|
|
Lowell,
If you could, I'd be very interested in your thrust offset measurements. I
put in 2 degrees down and 2 degrees right on my new mount, going by the old
standard, but I couldn't find any reference to what it should be for the
fox.
Bradley
--
| - The Matronics Kitfox-List Email Forum - | | Use the List Feature Navigator to browse the many List utilities available such as the Email Subscriptions page, Archive Search & Download, 7-Day Browse, Chat, FAQ, Photoshare, and much more:
http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?Kitfox-List |
|
_________________ Beemer
KF2 (and now an M3!)
Suzuki G10 three-banger
Middle Georgia |
|
Back to top |
|
 |
lcfitt(at)sbcglobal.net Guest
|
Posted: Wed Sep 06, 2006 8:02 pm Post subject: Wings Level ? |
|
|
Bradley,
At the risk of sounding like dummy, I haven't a clue how to determine thrust
offset measurements. It would seem to me that it would require some
sophisticated way of accurately determining the long axis of the airframe
and the thrust line of the engine - perp. to the prop flange, I suppose,
and calculating an angle.
All I did was add washers to compensate for a warped engine mount per the
manual. I will report on where the washers are if that is helpful, but my
guess is that if the engineers put thrust offset into the mount, it would be
buried there somewhere in the design.
If it isn't too complex a procedure, I might be willing to try.
Lowell
---
| - The Matronics Kitfox-List Email Forum - | | Use the List Feature Navigator to browse the many List utilities available such as the Email Subscriptions page, Archive Search & Download, 7-Day Browse, Chat, FAQ, Photoshare, and much more:
http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?Kitfox-List |
|
|
|
Back to top |
|
 |
Ceashman(at)aol.com Guest
|
Posted: Thu Sep 07, 2006 2:01 am Post subject: Wings Level ? |
|
|
--From: Floran H.
--I can give the rudder petal a quick push and cock the tailwheel so that it acts as a trim.
--As I use right rudder pedal on take of it usually means that I have to kick the left rudder to --trim the airplane when I level off. I used fly a Cessna 180 that I had to do the same thing.
Hi Floran.
That sounds kind of logical, using the tail wheel as a trim tab.
Notice you nose wheel guy,s, this is another advantage of having the steering wheel at back
I am also thinking that an 8 inch wheel would be more beneficial to in flight trim than the smaller 6 inch. But then again, 8 inch = more drag. 6 inch looks nicer.
Eric.
[quote][b]
| - The Matronics Kitfox-List Email Forum - | | Use the List Feature Navigator to browse the many List utilities available such as the Email Subscriptions page, Archive Search & Download, 7-Day Browse, Chat, FAQ, Photoshare, and much more:
http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?Kitfox-List |
|
|
|
Back to top |
|
 |
Guy Buchanan

Joined: 16 Jul 2006 Posts: 1204 Location: Ramona, CA
|
Posted: Thu Sep 07, 2006 2:26 am Post subject: Wings Level ? |
|
|
At 09:02 PM 9/6/2006, you wrote:
Quote: | If it isn't too complex a procedure, I might be willing to try.
|
Horizontal offset isn't too difficult. First check your prop tracking. It
should be within 1/16". If it is, then set a blade horizontal and measure
from the tip to the something near the rudder pivot. (It doesn't matter
what, as long as it's close to centerline and can be duplicated exactly on
both sides.) Shift that blade to the other side and measure the same way.
The prop offset angle is then:
arctan ((distance measured one side - distance measured the other side) /
prop diameter)
This tells you nothing, of course, about where the prop thrust centerline
crosses the aircraft centerline. If you have a laser level that will throw
a vertical line you might be able to measure the offset at the prop hub and
trig the crossing.
You can do the same for the vertical offset, but it's harder since you must
construct the horizontal centerline by leveling the airframe and using a
level to find a measuring point offset to the front or rear. Or you can
just pick a point on your airframe, measure the prop angle relative to
that, and replicate it on other airframes. This assumes, of course, that
the other airframes are identical; a dubious assumption for our aircraft.
Guy Buchanan
K-IV 1200 / 582-C / Warp / 100% done, thanks mostly to Bob Ducar.
| - The Matronics Kitfox-List Email Forum - | | Use the List Feature Navigator to browse the many List utilities available such as the Email Subscriptions page, Archive Search & Download, 7-Day Browse, Chat, FAQ, Photoshare, and much more:
http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?Kitfox-List |
|
_________________ Guy Buchanan
Deceased K-IV 1200
A glider pilot too. |
|
Back to top |
|
 |
Lynn Matteson
Joined: 10 Jan 2006 Posts: 2778 Location: Grass Lake, Michigan
|
Posted: Thu Sep 07, 2006 4:52 am Post subject: Wings Level ? |
|
|
I'm also thinking about a trim fin for the rudder, Lowell. I'd like a
cabin-adjustable. The biggest problem is I don't want to have to deal
with stripping the covering and going in there with a servo, etc. I'm
going to think more about it after I get my Sport Pilot Cert. and I get
to actually GO somewhere...then when my right leg gets oversize, I'll
put that project higher on the priority list. : )
Lynn
On Wednesday, September 6, 2006, at 06:02 PM, Lowell Fitt wrote:
Quote: |
I do have a bit of dihedral. I am goung to ry to do something with
the rudder. I am in deep thought about it, trying to avoid the tab,
but that eventualy will be the likely solution.
Lowell
|
| - The Matronics Kitfox-List Email Forum - | | Use the List Feature Navigator to browse the many List utilities available such as the Email Subscriptions page, Archive Search & Download, 7-Day Browse, Chat, FAQ, Photoshare, and much more:
http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?Kitfox-List |
|
_________________ Lynn
Kitfox IV-Jabiru 2200
N369LM |
|
Back to top |
|
 |
kerrjohna(at)comcast.net Guest
|
Posted: Thu Sep 07, 2006 6:46 am Post subject: Wings Level ? |
|
|
Lowell, early on I had experimented with the notion of progressively shortening the right rudder pedal spring until I had it where it was most comfortable. It can be done by using safety wire to close up multiple loops of the spring incrimentally.
In the end I went with the tab because it was less hassle to adjust.
John Kerr
[quote]-------------- Original message --------------
From: "Lowell Fitt" <lcfitt(at)sbcglobal.net>
[quote] --> Kitfox-List message posted by: "Lowell Fitt"
I do have a bit of dihedral. I am goung to ry to do something with the
rudder. I am in deep thought about it, trying to avoid the tab, but that
eventualy will be the likely solution.
Lowell
---
| - The Matronics Kitfox-List Email Forum - | | Use the List Feature Navigator to browse the many List utilities available such as the Email Subscriptions page, Archive Search & Download, 7-Day Browse, Chat, FAQ, Photoshare, and much more:
http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?Kitfox-List |
|
|
|
Back to top |
|
 |
jose_m_toro(at)yahoo.com Guest
|
Posted: Thu Sep 07, 2006 7:07 am Post subject: Wings Level ? |
|
|
Lynn:
An option is to use different length rudder cables.
This implies that the rudder will be slightly to the
right when the rudder pedals are in the neutral
position. You will still need to apply pressure on
the right pedal, but the feet will be aproximately
aligned (your body will be symetrically aligned with
the seat).
I have seen this on Challengers, and intend to do it
on my new plane.
José
--- Lynn Matteson <lynnmatt(at)jps.net> wrote:
Quote: |
<lynnmatt(at)jps.net>
I'm also thinking about a trim fin for the rudder,
Lowell. I'd like a
cabin-adjustable. The biggest problem is I don't
want to have to deal
with stripping the covering and going in there with
a servo, etc. I'm
going to think more about it after I get my Sport
Pilot Cert. and I get
to actually GO somewhere...then when my right leg
gets oversize, I'll
put that project higher on the priority list. : )
Lynn
On Wednesday, September 6, 2006, at 06:02 PM,
Lowell Fitt wrote:
>
<lcfitt(at)sbcglobal.net>
>
> I do have a bit of dihedral. I am goung to ry to
do something with
> the rudder. I am in deep thought about it, trying
to avoid the tab,
> but that eventualy will be the likely solution.
>
> Lowell
browse
Subscriptions page,
FAQ,
http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?Kitfox-List
Web Forums!
Admin.
|
__________________________________________________
| - The Matronics Kitfox-List Email Forum - | | Use the List Feature Navigator to browse the many List utilities available such as the Email Subscriptions page, Archive Search & Download, 7-Day Browse, Chat, FAQ, Photoshare, and much more:
http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?Kitfox-List |
|
|
|
Back to top |
|
 |
|
|
You cannot post new topics in this forum You cannot reply to topics in this forum You cannot edit your posts in this forum You cannot delete your posts in this forum You cannot vote in polls in this forum You cannot attach files in this forum You can download files in this forum
|
Powered by phpBB © 2001, 2005 phpBB Group
|