craig(at)ustek.com
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 Posted: Sat Mar 31, 2007 11:43 am Post subject: CGA standards....Compressed Gas Assoc....RE: Oxygen |
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CGA Standards
PRODUCTION, STORAGE AND DELIVERY OF GASES
Gases and Symbols | Quote: |
Oxygen 02
Nitrogen N2
Helium He
Ethylene C2H4
Carbon Dioxide C02
Nitrous Oxide N20
Cyclopropane (CH2)3 |
Common Mixtures | Quote: |
Oxygen/Nitrogen 21%02: 79% N2
Oxygen/ Carbon Dioxide (no more than 10% CO2)
Helium/ Oxygen (Oxygen (at) 21-60% with the remainder Helium) Referred to as "Heliox" |
Gas Hazards | Quote: |
Ethylene and Cyclopropane readily burn (flammable) |
Gases Which Support Combustion | Quote: |
Oxygen
Helium/Oxygen
Oxygen/C02
Oxygen/ Nitrogen
Nitrous Oxide |
Non-Flammable Gases | Quote: |
Nitrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Helium |
Production | Quote: |
Fractional Distillation | Quote: |
Compress Air ( 100 Atm)
Cooled to liquid state
Rewarm to critical temp of each specific gas
Draw off each gas at critical temp. |
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Standards of Purity | Quote: |
Set by the FDA
Example: Oxygen must be >99% pure for medical use
(In comparison: industrial oxygen for welding much lower) |
OXYGEN | Quote: |
Colorless
Odorless
Tasteless
Transparent
Density: 1.43 g/L (at) 0oC and 1 atm
Boils (at) -183o
Most abundant element in Earth crust |
Compressed Air | Quote: |
Air contains all the gases of our natural atmosphere
Provided by tanks or through piping systems from compressors within the hospital
Carefully filtered and provided oil free
Used as oxygen dilutant or as propellant |
Carbon Dioxide: CO2 | Quote: |
Colorless
Odorless
1 1/2 x heavier than air
FDA purity standard 99.9% |
Helium | Quote: |
Second lightest element ( low density)
Odorless
Tasteless
Inert
Used therapeutically as Heliox for airway obstruction ( Will pass through smaller spaces than air or pure 02) |
Nitrous Oxide: N2O | Quote: |
Colorless
Faintly sweet smell
Anesthetic agent
Must be blended properly with oxygen and usually combined with other anesthetics |
CYLINDERS
Cylinders | Quote: |
Commonly referred to as "tanks"
Provide a way to contain separate gases and transport them
Seamlessly constructed
Steel alloy - often chrome-molybdenum
Made by spinning or stamping in a single piece |
Cylinders Con’t | Quote: |
Special markings on "shoulders" to designate: |
| Quote: | [b]DOT specified materials
Example: 3AA: seamless, high strength, heat treated alloy
Service Pressure: 2015 psi
Serial # for that cylinder
Manufacturer’s mark
Owner’s Mark Reverse side: | Quote: |
Hydrostatic testing date
Inspectors mark
Retest date(s) : star indicates 10 yr cycle |
[img]cid:3B73041-D54A-48F33-9E29-753E96A432(at)MimeCtl[/img] |
Cylinder Sizes
Medical cylinders are typically E | Quote: |
used for transport, 22 cu. ft gas, 4 1/2" in diameter and 30" tall.
there are 28.3 liters in each cubic ft. |
[img]cid:557A675-B181-48866-AFD0-33E855FD58(at)MimeCtl[/img]
Cylinder Sizes
H/K | Quote: | - contains 244 cu. ft.
- 9 in. diameter and 55 in. high
- used for home care or running equipment
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[img]cid:C995ABE-39B8-437FF-8BE8-9B14F7DA11(at)MimeCtl[/img]
Identify Cylinder Gas By: | Quote: |
LABEL! Required by FDA | Quote: |
USP sets purity standards |
Color code: set by Compressed Gas Association (CGA) |
Cylinder Codes | Quote: |
Oxygen - green
CO2 - gray
Nitrous oxide - light blue
Cyclopropane - orange
Helium - brown
CO2/ O2 - gray/green
Helium/O2 - brown/green
Air - yellow or green/black
Ethylene - red |
Cylinder Pressure Safety System | Quote: |
Full assumed 2200 psi ( E,H,K,M)
Safety valve E: fusible plug, melts (at) 150-170oF
Safety valve H: frangible disk, ruptures (at) 5% below max test pressure |
Storage Guidelines | Quote: |
Stored according to NFPA
Secured, no movement, safety signs posted, no smoking signs
Dry, Cool, Well ventilated
Anesthetics stored separately away from oxygen |
Cylinder Valve Safety System | Quote: |
Similar sized cylinders can contain dissimilar gases. To avoid misuse: | Quote: |
CGA developed special valve attachments
E and smaller:Pin Index Safety System
Larger than E: American Standard Safety System |
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Pin Index Safety System
- Specific placement of TWO holes drilled into valve stem.
- Placement defines which gas in cylinder
- Paired #s for each
| Quote: |
Example:
2-5 Oxygen, 1-5 Air, 3-5 N2O |
[img]cid:D23F453-7236-4C333-ABA3-C9139CB760(at)MimeCtl[/img]
American Standard System
Threaded connections which vary in thread number and thread angle
Connectors will not thread onto dissimilar gases.
[img]cid:60ED6E6-BC3F-465CC-9955-09394990D5(at)MimeCtl[/img]
REGULATORS | Quote: |
Two sections: | Quote: |
1) Reducing valve: allows 2200 psi to be reduced to a safe pressure of 50 psi
2) A flow device |
E or smaller, YOKE style
Larger than E, threaded regulators
Read pressure within tank off regulator pressure gauge |
Pressure Gauge Readings | Quote: |
Open the valve of the tank and read the pressure on the gauge
Full should be 2200
Use conversion factor to find out how many liters of gas available |
Conversion Factors | Quote: |
E factor: 0.28 L/psi | Quote: |
Example: 1000 psi x 0.28 = 280 Liters |
H factor: 3.14 L/psi | Quote: |
Example: 1000 psi x 3.14 = 3140 Liters |
The difference occurs because the tanks are very different in volume
Recall E is 22 ft3, H is 244 ft3 |
TANK DURATION FORMULA | Quote: |
minutes = pressure x factor
flowrate |
EXAMPLE | Quote: |
minutes = 2200 psi x 0.28 L/psi
5 L/min
min. = 616 L = 123
5 L/min |
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