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wild.blue(at)verizon.net
Guest

Posted: Sat Mar 01, 2008 1:25 am Post subject: cable tension

Dan--

  

 Take a look in your AC 43-13.  There's a table of typical tensions for various standard cable sizes and strand counts at different temps.  Don't have one here or I'd give you the page.  They're all English (not metric) sizes so you may have to do a little interpolating.  Or maybe Brian or Mark can give you the modulus of expansion for steel (sometimes the little gray cells fail me, but I think its about .01'/100'), which is about the same as for concrete, and the formula for catenary sag vs. tension (if that has anything to do with it) so you could calculate it.  Just kidding. 

  

 Wish I could go to SnF, tho it be looka like spring lately roun hya.  Sometimes.  Maybe.

  

    

 Jerry Painter

 chief pilot, CFI, A&P, airport bum, 

 permanent latrine orderly &c.

  

 Wild Blue Aviation 

 Arlington Municipal Airport (KAWO)

  [b]Hangar A-6

19203 59th Dr. NE[/b]

 Arlington, WA 98223

 425-876-0865

 JP(at)FlyWBA.com (JP(at)FlyWBA.com)

 http://www.FlyWBA.com  



          [quote][b]

wlannon(at)persona.ca
Guest

Posted: Sat Mar 01, 2008 9:19 am Post subject: cable tension

Good Morning Jerry;

  

 I can't recall seeing a tension table in 43-13. As I  understand it cable tension is affected by thermal expansion of aluminium  airframe structure probably more than the cable itself. If so a "generic"  table would be of little value and may be counter productive.

 However, I have been known to be wrong so will check  43-13 later and get back.

 It is definitely starting to look like spring is  here!

  

 Cheers;

 Walt 

  

  

 [quote]   ---

viperdoc(at)mindspring.co
Guest

Posted: Sat Mar 01, 2008 10:40 am Post subject: cable tension

What? You are down to 3 feet of snow and the ice on you short hairs has melted back a couple of inches?  

Now I know spring is near for us down here in LA (lower Alabama). The Robins came back a couple of weeks ago, the grass is turning green, the dogwoods are starting to bloom, and the F&^%$#(at) TORNADOS are BACK!  

Doc  

       

From: owner-yak-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-yak-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Walter Lannon

 Sent: Saturday, March 01, 2008 11:14 AM

 To: yak-list(at)matronics.com

 Subject: Re: cable tension  

  

  

     

Good Morning Jerry;  

    

   

    

I can't recall seeing a tension table in 43-13. As I understand it cable tension is affected by thermal expansion of aluminium airframe structure probably more than the cable itself. If so a "generic" table would be of little value and may be counter productive.  

    

However, I have been known to be wrong so will check 43-13 later and get back.  

    

It is definitely starting to look like spring is here!  

    

   

    

Cheers;  

    

Walt   

    

   

    

   

  [quote]    

----- Original Message -----   

    

From: Jerry Painter (wild.blue(at)verizon.net)   

    

To: Yak List (yak-list(at)matronics.com) ([email]yak-list(at)matronics.com)[/email])   

    

Sent: Saturday, March 01, 2008 1:20 AM  

    

Subject: cable tension  

    

   

             

Dan--   

      

    

      

Take a look in your AC   43-13.  There's a table of typical tensions for various standard cable   sizes and strand counts at different temps.  Don't have one here or I'd   give you the page.  They're all English (not metric) sizes so you may   have to do a little interpolating.  Or maybe Brian or Mark can give you   the modulus of expansion for steel (sometimes the little gray cells fail me,   but I think its about .01'/100'), which is about the same as for concrete,   and the formula for catenary sag vs. tension (if that has anything to do with   it) so you could calculate it.  Just kidding.    

      

    

      

Wish I could go to SnF,   tho it be looka like spring lately roun hya.  Sometimes.  Maybe.   

      

    

               

Jerry Painter   

      

chief pilot, CFI,   A&P, airport bum,    

      

permanent latrine   orderly &c.   

      

    

      

Wild Blue Aviation    

      

Arlington Municipal   Airport (KAWO)   

         

Hangar A-6   

   

19203 59th Dr. NE   

      

Arlington, WA 98223   

      

425-876-0865   

      

JP(at)FlyWBA.com (JP(at)FlyWBA.com)   

      

http://www.FlyWBA.com     

   

   

   

                                                	  Quote: 	
		     	
[b]

brian-1927(at)lloyd.com
Guest

Posted: Sat Mar 01, 2008 11:11 am Post subject: cable tension

On Mar 1, 2008, at 1:20 AM, Jerry Painter wrote:



 	  Quote: 	
		   Dan--



 Take a look in your AC 43-13.  There's a table of typical tensions  

 for various standard cable sizes and strand counts at different  

 temps.  Don't have one here or I'd give you the page.  They're all  

 English (not metric) sizes so you may have to do a little  

 interpolating.  Or maybe Brian or Mark can give you the modulus of  

 expansion for steel (sometimes the little gray cells fail me, but I  

 think its about .01'/100'), which is about the same as for concrete,  

 and the formula for catenary sag vs. tension (if that has anything  

 to do with it) so you could calculate it.  Just kidding.


	


You forgot to account for differential expansion of the aluminum  

structure. That is what causes the change in tension. The coefficient  

of expansion for the steel cable is less than the coefficient of  

expansion for the aluminum structure. So the airframe "shrinks" more  

than the cable does when it is cold causing the cable to lose tension.



Here is a listing of coefficients of expansion for various materials.  

You will find aluminum near the top and various steels in the middle.



http://www.handyharmancanada.com/TheBrazingBook/comparis.htm



Oh, and don't forget the modulus of elasticity (stretch) of the steel.  

That is how you apply the preload. That will also tell you how much  

the tension will change when you change the length with temperature.



So if you start with a slack cable, modulus of elasticity will tell  

you how much the tension will change for a give change in length  

(stretch). The difference in coefficient of expansion of steel vs.  

aluminum (only valid for all-aluminum airframes -- steel tube  

airframes change the equation as the steel tubing will have the same  

coefficient of expansion as the cable) tells you how much the length  

will change with temperature thus letting you calculate a new tension  

value.



See, this stuff is childs play.



--



Brian Lloyd                         Granite Bay Montessori

brian AT gbmontessori DOT com       9330 Sierra College Blvd.

+1.916.367.2131 (voice)             Roseville, CA 95661, USA

                                     http://www.gbmontessori.com



I fly because it releases my mind from the tyranny of petty things . . .

— Antoine de Saint-Exupéry



PGP key ID:          12095C52A32A1B6C

PGP key fingerprint: 3B1D BA11 4913 3254 B6E0  CC09 1209 5C52 A32A 1B6C



--

Brian Lloyd                         3191 Western Drive

brian HYPHEN 1927 AT lloyd DOT com    Cameron Park, CA 95682

+1.916.367.2131 (voice)             +1.270.912.0788 (fax)



I fly because it releases my mind from the tyranny of petty things . . .

— Antoine de Saint-Exupéry



PGP key ID:          12095C52A32A1B6C

PGP key fingerprint: 3B1D BA11 4913 3254 B6E0  CC09 1209 5C52 A32A 1B6C

brian-1927(at)lloyd.com
Guest

Posted: Sat Mar 01, 2008 1:58 pm Post subject: cable tension

 	  Quote: 	
		   Oh, and don't forget the modulus of elasticity (stretch) of the  

 steel. That is how you apply the preload. That will also tell you  

 how much the tension will change when you change the length with  

 temperature.


	


Before Mark jumps on me for making a mistake, let me make this more  

clear. The modulus of elasticity tells you how much a given stretch  

will change the tension (force) or vice versa, i.e. how much the  

length will change when you apply a given force (think of a spring  

here). When the cable and the airframe change size with a decrease in  

temperature (coefficient of expansion), the airframe shrinks more than  

the steel cable does. This causes the stretch on the cable to be  

reduced and therefore the tension on the cable to be reduced. How  

*much* the tension changes is a function of the modulus of elasticity.



Is that better?



--

Brian Lloyd                         3191 Western Drive

brian HYPHEN 1927 AT lloyd DOT com    Cameron Park, CA 95682

+1.916.367.2131 (voice)             +1.270.912.0788 (fax)



I fly because it releases my mind from the tyranny of petty things . . .

— Antoine de Saint-Exupéry



PGP key ID:          12095C52A32A1B6C

PGP key fingerprint: 3B1D BA11 4913 3254 B6E0  CC09 1209 5C52 A32A 1B6C

wlannon(at)persona.ca
Guest

Posted: Sat Mar 01, 2008 5:36 pm Post subject: cable tension

Geez Brian that's what I was trying to say.

Cheers;

Walt

---

wlannon(at)persona.ca
Guest

Posted: Sat Mar 01, 2008 5:36 pm Post subject: cable tension

Snow long gone. Playing golf tomorrow. What  the hell is a tornado???

  

 Walt

 [quote]   ---

fish(at)aviation-tech.com
Guest

Posted: Sat Mar 01, 2008 7:02 pm Post subject: cable tension

Doc,



Had a typical california day here in the high desert(Near

Los Angeles), 70 deg with a light wind. Unfortunatly I had

surgery on Thurs and can't take advantage of the good

weather right now.



Fly Safe

John Fischer

Yak-52, N213YA



----- Original Message Follows -----

From: "Roger Kemp M.D." <viperdoc(at)mindspring.com>

To: <yak-list(at)matronics.com>

Subject: RE: cable tension

Date: Sat, 1 Mar 2008 12:31:04 -0600



[quote] What? You are down to 3 feet of snow and the ice on you

 short hairs has melted back a couple of inches?

 

 Now I know spring is near for us down here in LA (lower

 Alabama). The Robins came back a couple of weeks ago, the

 grass is turning green, the dogwoods are starting to bloom

 , and the F&^%$#(at) TORNADOS are BACK!

 

 Doc

 

  

 

 From: owner-yak-list-server(at)matronics.com

 [mailto:owner-yak-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of

 Walter Lannon Sent: Saturday, March 01, 2008 11:14 AM

 To: yak-list(at)matronics.com

 Subject: Re: cable tension

 

  

 

 Good Morning Jerry;

 

  

 

 I can't recall seeing a tension table in 43-13. As I

 understand it cable tension is affected by thermal

 expansion of aluminium airframe structure probably more

 than the cable itself. If so a "generic" table would be of

 little value and may be counter productive.

 

 However, I have been known to be wrong so will check 43-13

 later and get back.

 

 It is definitely starting to look like spring is here!

 

  

 

 Cheers;

 

 Walt 

 

  

 

  

 

 ---

viperdoc(at)mindspring.co
Guest

Posted: Sat Mar 01, 2008 7:31 pm Post subject: cable tension

Apologies, for some reason I was thinking you were in the frigid northwest.

My mistake.

Sorry about the surgery. It can be a pain sometimes. Can see why you would

not want to go flying. Hope all comes out okay.

Doc 



--

viperdoc(at)mindspring.co
Guest

Posted: Sat Mar 01, 2008 8:07 pm Post subject: cable tension

A really big sucking wind! Generally 400 yds wide and 160 mph that’s over in 10-15 seconds! Kind of like a bad divorce. Sucks you dry and destroys your life all in a heartbeat,.  

Flying tomorrow with the guard. Golf is sheer mental torture. The only game I know that I am more pissed off after the game than before I started. The only game I know where that little dimpled ball has the ability take my personality from laid back to Tasmanian devil in one heartbeat.   

Gave that game up for lent!  

Doc  

       

From: owner-yak-list-server(at)matronics.com [mailto:owner-yak-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Walter Lannon

 Sent: Saturday, March 01, 2008 7:22 PM

 To: yak-list(at)matronics.com

 Subject: Re: cable tension  

  

  

     

Snow long gone. Playing golf tomorrow. What the hell is a tornado???  

    

   

    

Walt  

  [quote]    

----- Original Message -----   

    

From: Roger Kemp M.D. (viperdoc(at)mindspring.com)   

    

To: yak-list(at)matronics.com (yak-list(at)matronics.com)   

    

Sent: Saturday, March 01, 2008 10:31 AM  

    

Subject: RE: cable tension  

    

   

  

What? You are down to 3 feet of snow and the ice on you short hairs has melted back a couple of inches?  

Now I know spring is near for us down here in LA (lower Alabama). The Robins came back a couple of weeks ago, the grass is turning green, the dogwoods are starting to bloom, and the F&^%$#(at) TORNADOS are BACK!  

Doc  

       

From: owner-yak-list-server(at)matronics.com (owner-yak-list-server(at)matronics.com) [mailto:owner-yak-list-server(at)matronics.com] On Behalf Of Walter Lannon

 Sent: Saturday, March 01, 2008 11:14 AM

 To: yak-list(at)matronics.com

 Subject: Re: cable tension  

  

  

     

Good Morning Jerry;  

    

   

    

I can't recall seeing a tension table in 43-13. As I understand it cable tension is affected by thermal expansion of aluminium airframe structure probably more than the cable itself. If so a "generic" table would be of little value and may be counter productive.  

    

However, I have been known to be wrong so will check 43-13 later and get back.  

    

It is definitely starting to look like spring is here!  

    

   

    

Cheers;  

    

Walt   

    

   

    

   

   	  Quote: 	
		      

----- Original Message -----   

    

From: Jerry Painter (wild.blue(at)verizon.net)   

    

To: Yak List (yak-list(at)matronics.com) ([email]yak-list(at)matronics.com)[/email])   

    

Sent: Saturday, March 01, 2008 1:20 AM  

    

Subject: cable tension  

    

   

             

Dan--   

      

    

      

Take a look in your AC   43-13.  There's a table of typical tensions for various standard cable   sizes and strand counts at different temps.  Don't have one here or I'd   give you the page.  They're all English (not metric) sizes so you may   have to do a little interpolating.  Or maybe Brian or Mark can give you   the modulus of expansion for steel (sometimes the little gray cells fail me,   but I think its about .01'/100'), which is about the same as for concrete,   and the formula for catenary sag vs. tension (if that has anything to do with   it) so you could calculate it.  Just kidding.    

      

    

      

Wish I could go to SnF,   tho it be looka like spring lately roun hya.  Sometimes.  Maybe.   

      

    

               

Jerry Painter   

      

chief pilot, CFI,   A&P, airport bum,    

      

permanent latrine   orderly &c.   

      

    

      

Wild Blue Aviation    

      

Arlington Municipal   Airport (KAWO)   

         

Hangar A-6   

   

19203 59th Dr. NE   

      

Arlington, WA 98223   

      

425-876-0865   

      

JP(at)FlyWBA.com (JP(at)FlyWBA.com)   

      

http://www.FlyWBA.com     

   

   

   

                                                	  Quote: 	
		     	
   	
[b]

fougapilot

Joined: 20 Jul 2007
Posts: 88
Location: Flat on my back with minimum airspeed

Posted: Sun Mar 02, 2008 4:48 am Post subject: Re: cable tension

Lower Alabama???



I'll take my snowbank over tornados, hurricane or earthquakes any days of the week thank yo very much 



all joking apart, thanks for the replies.



Dan

wild.blue(at)verizon.net
Guest

Posted: Sun Mar 02, 2008 10:20 am Post subject: cable tension

Gents--

  

 In the ultimate sense, what you say about differential (aluminum) aircraft structure expansion/contraction being more of a relative factor for change in cable tension than the (steel) cables is, of course, true.  Aluminum has a higher expansion rate than steel.  But we're talkin' little bitty airplanes here.  Unless we're talkin' 'bout BIG airplanes and BIG changes in temperature it ain't hardly nothin.' That's why none (that I know of--which, admittedly, isn't much) of our little GA Yak-sized, un-pressurized, low altitude, short range airplanes has automatic temperature compensating cable tension adjusters (surely, someone will find a contradictory example, no?).  Because the structures are so small the small temperature changes we usually encounter are simply not a factor--except when you set the initial tension.  Then, of course, you do want to compensate for temperature so the load will stay in the ballpark at all temps.  The risk is that cables set to a "normal" tension in a cold environment could become so tight in high temps that control friction will go up and structural damage could occur.  But again, probably unlikely with our little airplanes unless you really, really overdo it.

  

 HSAT, Joe, you're right.  There is no table in 43-13 (that I could find).  I haven't had a chance to look through other standard FAA texts, but I did find a "typical" cable tension and temperature compensation table for various cable sizes in one of Dale Crane's books (Airframe Volume 1: Structures, fig. 4-42, p. 296, published by ASA--and no doubt taken straight from one of the FAA AC's), which I forwarded to Dan off list.

  

 Crane's table shows that the (recommended) tension (for the hypothetical "typical" airplane) on a 1/8" 7X19 cable would be 34 lbs. at negative 40 degrees F (pretty damn cold!), and recommends 100 lbs E at plus 160 degrees F (really, really hot!).  At 59 degrees F (standard day) the tension would be about 65 lbs.  That's quite a broad range of acceptable tension (66 lbs. over 200 degrees F). Crane's table also says "values include 10% structural deflection."  Hmmm.

  

 But the real question, still, is what is the mfr's "recommended" tension at some given temperature.  Is it the same as Crane's "typical" chart?  I don't know and worth looking into.  That "recommended" tension is what "compensation" has to be applied to.  My guess is it will be very close to what's shown in Crane's "typical" table, just as bolt torques nearly always are "typical" for a given size.  Unless you grossly exceed "typical" values on the high side you're "probably" gonna be OK.  

  

 But do the homework, find the mfr's recommended value.  And forget that plan to strap on those JATO bottles so you can fly nonstop from Coldfoot to Riyadh at 60,000 feet some fine winter day!

  

    

 Jerry Painter

 chief pilot, CFI, A&P, airport bum, 

 permanent latrine orderly &c.

  

 Wild Blue Aviation 

 Arlington Municipal Airport (KAWO)

  [b]Hangar A-6

19203 59th Dr. NE[/b]

 Arlington, WA 98223

 425-876-0865

 JP(at)FlyWBA.com (JP(at)FlyWBA.com)

 http://www.FlyWBA.com  



          [quote][b]

brian-1927(at)lloyd.com
Guest

Posted: Sun Mar 02, 2008 1:16 pm Post subject: cable tension

 	  Quote: 	
		   tension adjusters (surely, someone will find a contradictory  

 example, no?).  Because the structures are so small the small  

 temperature changes we usually encounter are simply not a factor-- 

 except when you set the initial tension.  Then, of course, you do  

 want to compensate for temperature so the load will stay in the  

 ballpark at all temps.


	


If you have to compensate for temperature then the variation isn't so  

small.



For example, if one were doing this in an airframe with a steel-tube  

frame, the coefficient of expansion of the airframe would be the same  

as for the cable. Therefore there would be no change with temperature  

as both the cable and airframe would expand/contract at the same rate  

with the temperature change. Sine we DO see a difference and we DO  

compensate, the change is NOT small enough to ignore.



 	  Quote: 	
		   The risk is that cables set to a "normal" tension in a cold  

 environment could become so tight in high temps that control  

 friction will go up and structural damage could occur.  But again,  

 probably unlikely with our little airplanes unless you really,  

 really overdo it.


	


That is probably true but it is clear that it IS an issue and must be  

done correctly.



 	  Quote: 	
		    HSAT, Joe, you're right.  There is no table in 43-13 (that I could  

 find).


	


There can't be. It is airframe-dependent.



 	  Quote: 	
		   I haven't had a chance to look through other standard FAA texts, but  

 I did find a "typical" cable tension and temperature compensation  

 table for various cable sizes in one of Dale Crane's books (Airframe  

 Volume 1: Structures, fig. 4-42, p. 296, published by ASA--and no  

 doubt taken straight from one of the FAA AC's), which I forwarded to  

 Dan off list.



 Crane's table shows that the (recommended) tension (for the  

 hypothetical "typical" airplane) on a 1/8" 7X19 cable would be 34  

 lbs. at negative 40 degrees F (pretty damn cold!), and recommends  

 100 lbs. at plus 160 degrees F (really, really hot!).  At 59 degrees  

 F (standard day) the tension would be about 65 lbs.  That's quite a  

 broad range of acceptable tension (66 lbs. over 200 degrees F).  

 Crane's table also says "values include 10% structural deflection."   

 Hmmm.


	


Well, if the airplanes are of the same order, sizewise, i.e. if the  

cable lengths are similar and the distance from trim wheel to trim-tab  

is similar, you will have similar adjustment range.



 	  Quote: 	
		   But the real question, still, is what is the mfr's "recommended"  

 tension at some given temperature.  Is it the same as Crane's  

 "typical" chart?  I don't know and worth looking into.  That  

 "recommended" tension is what "compensation" has to be applied to.   

 My guess is it will be very close to what's shown in Crane's  

 "typical" table, just as bolt torques nearly always are "typical"  

 for a given size.  Unless you grossly exceed "typical" values on the  

 high side you're "probably" gonna be OK.


	


Actually bolt torque is not "typical". It is exacting as it is  

determined by material, and thread pitch to give the proper amount of  

"stretch" to the fastener. The only thing is that it has an acceptable  

range.



 	  Quote: 	
		   But do the homework, find the mfr's recommended value.  And forget  

 that plan to strap on those JATO bottles so you can fly nonstop from  

 Coldfoot to Riyadh at 60,000 feet some fine winter day!


	


I agree ... if you can find the manufacturer's recommended value. But  

not having that you can figure out what the cable and airframe  

structures supporting the cable will allow without exceeding their  

limits. Frankly, the structure, e.g. the idler fiddles, mounting  

brackets, etc., are the limiting factor, not the cable itself. You  

don't want the temperature getting so high on a hot day that the  

mounting structures are deformed. So you pick a minimum acceptable  

cable tension at the low temp, figure the distance, calculate the  

differential length change based on coefficient of expansion  

(expansion of Al minus expansion of steel), and then apply the modulus  

of elasticity of the steel cable to determine how much the tension  

will increase.



Believe it or not, this is NOT rocket science.



And, yes, it is MUCH easier to use the manufacturer's recommendations  

because they have already done this work for you.



--

Brian Lloyd                         3191 Western Drive

brian HYPHEN 1927 AT lloyd DOT com    Cameron Park, CA 95682

+1.916.367.2131 (voice)             +1.270.912.0788 (fax)



I fly because it releases my mind from the tyranny of petty things . . .

— Antoine de Saint-Exupéry



PGP key ID:          12095C52A32A1B6C

PGP key fingerprint: 3B1D BA11 4913 3254 B6E0  CC09 1209 5C52 A32A 1B6C

wlannon(at)persona.ca
Guest

Posted: Sun Mar 02, 2008 6:37 pm Post subject: cable tension

More on cables;

  

 The CJ6 Overhaul (Structural Repair) Manual undoubtedly has a  temperature compensating table. However that manual to the best of my knowledge  has not been translated to English so except for a few of the  illustrations it is useless.

  

 As a result I have been tensioning the cables with reference  to the Harvard/T6 specifications. I initially checked undisturbed (presumably)  cables on aircraft as received from China and determined they were within + 5lb  of the Harvard specs. at 60 to 70 deg.F. Since the Chinese cable is 0.020"  larger in dia. (0.145") one would expect a small increase in  tension.

  

 Some may suggest that procedure is unacceptable since  the Harvard fuselage utilizes both steel tube and semi-monocoque aluminium  alloy structure. However, the ailerons are also cable operated and the cable  runs are of similar length in totally al. alloy structure. One must at some time  make some assumptions and I have assumed that North American developed  their tension table based on the aileron system. There is only one  table.

  

 As Brian has mentioned the most critical part of the cable  system is the attachment of pulley brackets. The loads are highly concentrated  at these points and one should be very careful to not over tension.

  

 Jerry, I believe, mentioned that these are not "English"  cables. They very well may be of British design which was quite different  than the SAE cable standards we are familiar with.

 Quite possible the current British standards are the same as  the FAA but that was not the case when the Yak18, 18A and, by extension,  the CJ were designed.

  

 British cables were identified NOT by diameter but rather by  breaking strength.

 For example a 20CWT cable had a break strength of 2160 lb. (20  X 108) whether the cable was manufactured from carbon steel OR corrosion  resistant steel. The CRES cable was of larger diameter.

 A standard 1/8" cable has a break strength of 2000lb in carbon  steel and 1760 lb in CRES. Since the pneumatic systems on  the CJ are carbon copies of the Hurricane and Spitfire etc. it is quite possible  the cables are as well. 

  

 Cheers;

 Walt 

 [quote]   ---

wild.blue(at)verizon.net
Guest

Posted: Mon Mar 03, 2008 9:13 am Post subject: cable tension

Brian and Joe--

  

 I think that's what I said?  My guess is T-6 specs are very close, if not the same as Yakstuff, and given that the range of acceptable tensions on any given day is probably R E A L L Y   B I G, differences (if any) between T-6's, "typical" and Yak/CJ data are not likely to be a serious issue.  Auto temp compensators in little airplanes?  None that I know of.  Yes, check the specs, always better than a WAG, and apply compensation, especially if you encounter big variations in temp.  But barring specific data to the contrary, "typical" (or T-6) probably works just fine.  

  

 So howzabout something else?  Here's a little -52/Nanchang ACM vid http://vids.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=vids.individual&videoid=29080478

  

    

 Jerry Painter

 chief pilot, CFI, A&P, airport bum, 

 permanent latrine orderly &c.

  

 Wild Blue Aviation 

 Arlington Municipal Airport (KAWO)

  [b]Hangar A-6

19203 59th Dr. NE[/b]

 Arlington, WA 98223

 425-876-0865

 JP(at)FlyWBA.com (JP(at)FlyWBA.com)

 http://www.FlyWBA.com  



          [quote][b]

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